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Peta-de-Aztlan
Sacramento, California
Email: peter.lopez51@yahoo.com
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"An invasion of armies can be resisted, but not an idea whose time has come." ~ Victor Hugo c/s
----- Forwarded Message ----
From: Peta_de_Aztlan <peta.aztlan@gmail.com>
To: peter.lopez51@yahoo.com
Sent: Sat, November 20, 2010 6:00:11 PM
Subject: [Third-World-News Blog] Mexico 100 years after revolutionaries Villa and Zapa...
Mexico 100 years after revolutionaries Villa and Zapata - Monsters and Critics
Short Link to Source> http://bit.ly/a9kkBQ
By Nelson Keiman Nov 20, 2010, 6:02 GMT
Mexico City - Exactly a century after its hard-won independence from Spain, Mexico launched a second upheaval - this time a revolution aimed at achieving democracy and social justice.
On Saturday, Mexico will celebrate the 100th anniversary of the revolution that crystallized around an upper class politician but found its deeper social roots for land redistribution and social justice in the leadership of the iconic Pancho Villa in the north and Emiliano Zapata in the south.
Both men were later murdered, sacrificed to the internal and many- faceted discord that followed the official start of the Mexican Revolution in 1910.
Within a year, by 1911, dictator Porfirio Diaz had been brought down, ending 34 years of tyrannical rule. Francisco Ignacio Madero, the upper class politician around whom the initial revolt solidified, served as the first president of the new republic.
But he was assassinated in 1913 by Diaz supporters within the military, unleashing a violent and chaotic period that tapered off by 1917, when the country adopted the constitution that is still in force to this day. It was a heyday for socialists, anarchists, agrarian reformers and populists.
The 1910 uprising led by Madero against Diaz sprung from the disconnect between the immense poverty of the masses contrasted to the opulence displayed by the dominant class, historians say. Many observers and activists today say Mexico's democratization process is still incomplete, as witnessed by the movement of the Zapatista Army of National Liberation (EZLN) since the 1990s, and by other groups.
Such movements continue to demand greater social justice, a more transparent democracy and less discrimination against Mexico's indigenous people.
Villa (1878-1923), whose real name was Jose Doroteo Arango Arambula, had humble origins but formed a large army that expropriated land from the large landowners of his native northern Mexico. He became famous for his attacks on trains.
Other revolutionary leaders slammed Villa's ideals, and he was killed in 1923 on the order of then-Mexican president Alvaro Orozco, his former comrade-in-arms.
Emiliano Zapata (1879-1919) was a smallholder in the southern state of Morelos, the descendant of mixed indigenous and Spanish ancestry. He insisted on redistributing the land among those who worked it, and launched an uprising against Madero in 1912 for his failure to start an agrarian reform programme.
Zapata was assassinated in an ambush under order of the Mexican government.
Despite the unfinished tasks, the Mexican Revolution remains 'one of the great founding events of the nation,' historian Felipe Avila Espinosa said. 'It meant a turning point' in an agrarian economic and social model, to pave the way for more advanced forms of national organization, the historian noted.
The 100th anniversary of the revolution has provoked debate about the origins of the blood bath now raging in Mexico over organized crime and illegal drugs. At least 10,000 lives were snuffed out this year alone, including many public officials and police officers. 'Might the excess lead to another refounding movement like that of 100 years ago?' some have asked.
'I do not foresee a new popular uprising as in 1910. Circumstances are different, although like 100 years ago there is great inequality in the country,' Avila Espinosa said.
'Organized crime is not the independent variable. It is a dependent variable, it is the result of the lack of opportunities in the country,' said historian Lorenzo Meyer.
Various events across Mexico - including a military parade and a multimedia show on Saturday in Mexico City - are to mark the anniversary of the revolution that started November 20, 1910.
http://www.monstersandcritics.com/news/americas/news/article_1600332.php/Mexico-100-years-after-revolutionaries-Villa-and-Zapata
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/THIRD-WORLD-NEWS/
http://aztlannet-news-blog.blogspot.com/
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--
Posted By Peta_de_Aztlan to Third-World-News Blog at 11/20/2010 06:00:00 PM
From: Peta_de_Aztlan <peta.aztlan@gmail.com>
To: peter.lopez51@yahoo.com
Sent: Sat, November 20, 2010 6:00:11 PM
Subject: [Third-World-News Blog] Mexico 100 years after revolutionaries Villa and Zapa...
Mexico 100 years after revolutionaries Villa and Zapata - Monsters and Critics
Short Link to Source> http://bit.ly/a9kkBQ
By Nelson Keiman Nov 20, 2010, 6:02 GMT
Mexico City - Exactly a century after its hard-won independence from Spain, Mexico launched a second upheaval - this time a revolution aimed at achieving democracy and social justice.
On Saturday, Mexico will celebrate the 100th anniversary of the revolution that crystallized around an upper class politician but found its deeper social roots for land redistribution and social justice in the leadership of the iconic Pancho Villa in the north and Emiliano Zapata in the south.
Both men were later murdered, sacrificed to the internal and many- faceted discord that followed the official start of the Mexican Revolution in 1910.
Within a year, by 1911, dictator Porfirio Diaz had been brought down, ending 34 years of tyrannical rule. Francisco Ignacio Madero, the upper class politician around whom the initial revolt solidified, served as the first president of the new republic.
But he was assassinated in 1913 by Diaz supporters within the military, unleashing a violent and chaotic period that tapered off by 1917, when the country adopted the constitution that is still in force to this day. It was a heyday for socialists, anarchists, agrarian reformers and populists.
The 1910 uprising led by Madero against Diaz sprung from the disconnect between the immense poverty of the masses contrasted to the opulence displayed by the dominant class, historians say. Many observers and activists today say Mexico's democratization process is still incomplete, as witnessed by the movement of the Zapatista Army of National Liberation (EZLN) since the 1990s, and by other groups.
Such movements continue to demand greater social justice, a more transparent democracy and less discrimination against Mexico's indigenous people.
Villa (1878-1923), whose real name was Jose Doroteo Arango Arambula, had humble origins but formed a large army that expropriated land from the large landowners of his native northern Mexico. He became famous for his attacks on trains.
Other revolutionary leaders slammed Villa's ideals, and he was killed in 1923 on the order of then-Mexican president Alvaro Orozco, his former comrade-in-arms.
Emiliano Zapata (1879-1919) was a smallholder in the southern state of Morelos, the descendant of mixed indigenous and Spanish ancestry. He insisted on redistributing the land among those who worked it, and launched an uprising against Madero in 1912 for his failure to start an agrarian reform programme.
Zapata was assassinated in an ambush under order of the Mexican government.
Despite the unfinished tasks, the Mexican Revolution remains 'one of the great founding events of the nation,' historian Felipe Avila Espinosa said. 'It meant a turning point' in an agrarian economic and social model, to pave the way for more advanced forms of national organization, the historian noted.
The 100th anniversary of the revolution has provoked debate about the origins of the blood bath now raging in Mexico over organized crime and illegal drugs. At least 10,000 lives were snuffed out this year alone, including many public officials and police officers. 'Might the excess lead to another refounding movement like that of 100 years ago?' some have asked.
'I do not foresee a new popular uprising as in 1910. Circumstances are different, although like 100 years ago there is great inequality in the country,' Avila Espinosa said.
'Organized crime is not the independent variable. It is a dependent variable, it is the result of the lack of opportunities in the country,' said historian Lorenzo Meyer.
Various events across Mexico - including a military parade and a multimedia show on Saturday in Mexico City - are to mark the anniversary of the revolution that started November 20, 1910.
http://www.monstersandcritics.com/news/americas/news/article_1600332.php/Mexico-100-years-after-revolutionaries-Villa-and-Zapata
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/THIRD-WORLD-NEWS/
http://aztlannet-news-blog.blogspot.com/
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--
Posted By Peta_de_Aztlan to Third-World-News Blog at 11/20/2010 06:00:00 PM
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